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Canal News – Winter 2025

Canal News – Winter 2025

LOOKING FORWARD TO 2025

During our recent Annual Friends Membership Meeting, the focus was on the future, one filled with opportunities to improve and expand the
park experience and the Friends’ role in making that happen.

In 2024, there was a great deal of construction along the canal and towpath and many sections of the canal remain without water. However, 2025 will be a turning point for our beloved park. At our meeting, we heard updates from the park staff about what lies ahead next year and it was good news.

Delaware Canal State Park Management Update

Park Staff provides updates

Kelsey Hansen, the assistant park manager, Brian Heath, the Delaware Division manager, and Brian Taylor, DCNR’s regional manager, were on hand to review past and planned projects and answer questions.

Ms. Hansen provided the overview, stating, “Nine major projects were completed within the last year. Projects that are considered major cost
$100,000 or more to do the work. Bowman’s Hill Wastegate, a significant structure to hold in water, was replaced, and several bridges from our twelve bridges project work were completed, including Tebola-Beans Bridge and the David Library Bridge.”

To ensure that the public is kept informed of these projects and their status, the park introduced some new resources on its website, including maps showing the location of construction, a Gantt chart showing the timelines of major projects and an FAQ page.

Two of the projects that received the most attention during the meeting were the replacement of the High Falls Creek Sub-canal culvert and Lumberville Aqueduct. Several delays due to re-designs and easements have been ironed out, and contracts have been awarded. Weather
permitting, these projects will move forward with construction in early 2025. You can find additional details in the Park Manager’s Report included in this newsletter.

The Friends’ Vision for 2025 and beyond

Brett Webber, board president, reviewed highlights from the Friends’ 2032 Plan. Working with DCNR and Studio Bryan Hanes, a regional landscape architecture and design firm, the Friends identified key initiatives to enhance the infrastructure in the park and improve access while
preserving this National Historic Landmark. Webber remarked, “ We are in our final review and will have an event to take you through the opportunities we feel are actionable and needed
such as improved access for pedestrians, boaters and linking to other parks.”

Webber also outlined our involvement with the broader “canal community.” The Friends are pursuing an application to present a history of the Delaware Canal at the next World Canals Conference in Buffalo next year. “These conferences are a great opportunity. Several years ago, we participated in a conference hosted by the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historical Park. The conference is an enormous collection of people from all over the world talking about their advocacy, plans, and how they manage and operate canals. Many of them are within park systems, and there are others around the world that are not. But there’s lots to learn.” Webber continued, “We have lots to share, but it’s also a
dry run because we are eagerly pursuing hosting the 2032 World Canals Conference here on the Delaware Canal, in partnership with our friends
across the river and north.”

Senator Steve Santarsiero shows his support of the Delaware Canal

The meeting’s highlight was a presentation by Senator Steve Santarsiero. A long-time Bucks County resident, legislator and outdoor enthusiast, Santarsiero understands the importance of the Delaware Canal to his district.

“I want to make sure that part of my legacy is to ensure this canal will be taken care of for years to come. This park is a special place, and that’s why we are all here tonight. We are so lucky to have this unique park right here in Bucks County.” Santarsiero said. To illustrate his commitment to the park, “A year and a half ago, I started the first Delaware Canal Caucus in the state legislature; it is bicameral and bipartisan so every legislator who represents any stretch of the canal is a part of it. I represent the longest stretch in my district.” This group has worked with DCNR to ensure that needed repairs are completed so that water can be reintroduced back into the canal. “All I want to do tonight is to let you know that I am 100% behind the Friends’ efforts. Back in September, when we did our tour with DCNR, it was helpful to see the work that was happening and, I think, also to reinforce with the caucus members how important it is to continue to fight for the canal. It is frustrating for me that the state doesn’t do more to fund our park system. The guys at DCNR do a tremendous amount of work on a shoestring budget. We will
continue to fight to get more funding.”

Senator Santarsiero then presented a $95,000 check to FODC board members and Executive Director Michael Ginder to move forward with
a new pump in the Bowman’s Hill area. The Friends will use this money to create an engineering design for the pump housing in accordance with requirements from the Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission and DCNR.

Great food, great Friends and a nice big check! It was a perfect evening.

Park Project Recap

The park staff has been hard at work getting projects underway so that we can have a fully watered canal. As many already know, engineering a solution, bidding and awarding a project, and getting the work underway can take a very long time.

We all love our canal with water. Unfortunately, the canal has been plagued with issues that originated when it was first constructed. Think
about it: A nearly 60-mile-long trench was dug by hand by farmers and laborers in record time. The state was in a hurry to open the canal, and
subsequently, the construction quality suffered.

However, the flaws and setbacks haven’t curbed DCNR’s determination to repair and rewater, hopefully by the semiquicenntential. In fact, many major projects have been completed.

Projects Completed in 2024
• Easton Towpath–Flood damage repairs
• Canal Lane Bridge
• New Hope Inlet Bridge
• New Hope Canal Bank Wall Repair
• Bowman’s Hill Waste Gate
• Buckstone Farm Bridge
• Tebola-Beans/Amber Beech Bridge
• Bridge Street Crossing / Morrisville Ramp
Current Projects
• Raubsville Sub-Canal Culvert
• High Falls Sub-Canal Culvert
• Smithtown Bridges 3 & 4
• Lumberville Aqueduct

FODC Michael Ginder, Laure Duval and Brett Webber accept check from Senator Steve Santarsiero

Home for the Holidays

Enjoying a brisk morning on the towpath

It’s not surprising that so many people are drawn to Bucks County and the Delaware River Valley region as vacation destinations. We are blessed to live in an area that provides visitors with so many options to enjoy the outdoors, explore charming towns, shop and dine and of course commune with nature.

When you talk to new arrivals, they are struck by the fact that there is so much to experience and enjoy. Often, the “locals” forget these resources exist. So, if you plan to stay home for the holidays, here are a few of our Friends of the Delaware Canal Travel tips.

BE A FOODIE
There are so many restaurants and pubs along the river, that there are too many to mention. We will, however, remind people of our old and new favorite spots. The town of Bristol is on the rise, with more shops and eateries to choose from. We have had several Lunch and Walk events at the King George II Inn (below) and it is a historic and culinary treasure. Want to try something new, check
out AshLynn Distilleries in Morrisville.

In Yardley, we have been hosted by the Continental Tavern as well as the Yardley Inn. Both good choices. And, in Lumberville we enjoyed several events at the Lumberville General Store and the Black Bass Inn. Along with the Golden Pheasant Inn in Erwinna, these establishments are now under the ownership of a long-time Friends supporter, Karen Thompson of LSL Brands.

In Point Pleasant, stop into Dharma Bums, a new vegan eatery that would make Jack Kerouac proud. Further north, you will find the Homestead General Store and Coffee Roastery, the Narrows Restaurant, Mueller’s General Store and Kitchen and the Riegelsville Inn. All these historic establishments are worth a try.

GET SHOPPING
The Delaware River Valley is home to many charming river towns that seem to be growing and getting more interesting every year. Everyone is familiar with New Hope and Lambertville, but there is so much more to explore. Venturing further north from New Hope you will find the towns
of Stockton, Frenchtown and Milford on the New Jersey side of the river. On the Pennsylvania side, be sure to explore Point Pleasant, Riegelsville and the northern-most town along the canal, Easton. This city, located at the confluence of two rivers, is attracting a lot of well-earned attention and investment.

Remember, when you shop at local businesses you help support the local economy. Studies show that 48% of the revenue generated by a local business is re-circulated back into the local economy, versus 14% for chain stores. Shop online, and the positive impact to the local economy is negligible. And it’s not nearly as much fun as an in-person stroll down lovely old streets filled with a range of fascinating shops.

GATHER OUTDOORS
Not only is the canal towpath a great place to walk and bike, but there are many adjacent parks and trails to explore.

The Bristol Lagoon Park is a lovely spot to stop and relax. Falls Township Park at Mill Creek offers plenty of open space to play your favorite sport. The canal runs through Washington Crossing Park and the park staff offer tours of the property and historic buildings. Venture onto the other side of River Road and take in the scenic views from Bowman’s Tower.

In New Hope, Solebury’s Canal Park and Magill’s Hill Park are next to the towpath and also connect to the Solebury Trail. Further
north you will find Ralph Stover State Park, a part of the Delaware Canal State park complex. Some of the trails in this park can be steep and challenging but are well worth the experience. Nearby Tinicum Park offers wide open fields, disc golf and of course the canal towpath.

Wy-Hit Tuk Park, which means “river” in the Native American language of the Lenape, is located in Easton. From this park you can take the towpath north to make your way to the confluence of the Delaware and Lehigh rivers.

Of course, we can’t forget the Canal Loop trails which take you from one side of the Delaware River to the other and offer different views and perspectives of the river valley.

NO PLACE LIKE HOME
So, if you are staying home for the holidays, venture to some new towns, parks and trails that you have not visited before. The Delaware River Valley has so much to offer and explore, we hope you will take a few days to enjoy these local treasures.

PARK MANAGER’S REPORT
By Kelsey Hansen, Assistant Park Manager

Greetings all, it’s been quite some time since a park manager report has been written for the Friends’ newsletter. Our apologies. Thank you for patiently waiting to hear from management about the canal. My name is Kelsey Hansen and I’m one of two Assistant Park Managers at the Delaware Canal.

As many of you have noticed, a large number of projects have been occurring up and down the canal over the past year, causing trail closures between Easton and Morrisville and a certain number of headaches. In an effort to engage visitors and bring about more awareness, Delaware Canal State Park has added a few new great resources that you can find on its DCNR webpage regarding these projects (www. dcnr.pa.gov/StateParks/FindAPark/DelawareCanalStatePark/Pages/default.aspx). We recently released several links that give information for the following: Delaware Canal State Park FAQ, Current Project Map, and Project Management Chart. We will update the map and chart every few months, but here you can see what projects are complete, which are under construction, and what is under design. The map helps you to visualize where the projects are located. All of these links can be found under “Additional Information” on the webpage at www.dcnr.pa.gov/StateParks/FindAPark/DelawareCanalStatePark/Pages/default.aspx. Please check it out!

Bowman's waste gate
Bowman’s waste gate

High Falls Creek Sub-Canal Culvert and the Lumberville Aqueduct have been big topics of conversation since Ida caused damage to those areas in September 2021. We are on track to start work soon, likely early 2025, for the High Falls SubCanal Culvert, which is a long time coming for us too. We are as ready as everyone else to see work finally begin there. As for the Lumberville Aqueduct, that project broke ground earlier this year, but due to the discovery of unexpected timber cribbing in the canal bed, work came to an abrupt halt. The findings needed to be documented by the PA Historical Museum Commission and a change order went into place to take the cribbing into consideration for the construction. This is another project that has been delayed for months, but we look forward to it starting again soon to close that trail gap.

Tebola-Beans Bridge
Tebola-Beans Bridge

On the note of water, we are all sad to see low or no water in the canal in the last year and especially the last couple months. For a time, projects were a big reason not to allow water to flow, but at this point we are trying to let as much water in as possible. Hopefully everyone understands that the lack of it is beyond the park’s control. The majority of the canal relies on natural sources of water to feed it, be it rain or the river. Take into consideration the water levels of the canal from New Hope to Bristol. There is a river inlet in New Hope that feeds the canal, and we use the Trenton River Gauge to determine how much water to expect to come into the canal. The Delaware River has been low at least since the beginning of September 2024, sitting between 8 feet and 8.5 feet. At the time of this writing, the river gauge shows 8 feet, and the river needs to be at least 9 feet in depth to push sufficient water down the canal to Bristol. For the canal between Easton and New Hope, which is fed by the Lehigh River, we have to let river water out prior to the High Falls breach to prevent more damage to that area.

Thank you for reading, and I hope everyone has safe and happy holidays. Let’s make the best of the present and of what comes to us for the future.

A Mule’s Mile

We recently completed our 36th Annual Canal Walk on November 2, 2024.

Mules on the towpath
Mules on the towpath

Over the course of five weekends, walkers covered 49.6 miles of the towpath trail, just 9.3 miles shy of the entire distance. Only three sections, in Lumberville, Smithtown and Upper Black Eddy, could not be traversed due to construction closures.

As you walk along the towpath with Friends, you learn about the history of the Canal, the surrounding towns and hamlets, and some notable
canal features. You are struck by the fact that this towpath was used by so many industrious families and, of course, their mules nearly two hundred years ago.

The Canal Mules
The “Canallers” or boatmen worked with their trusty mule team from early morning to long after dark. Mules were a much-preferred equine over horses.

From the perspective of the canal boat operator, mules had several distinct advantages. They had a sturdy constitution and were not prone to health problems. They could work long hours, perhaps slower than a horse, but they would keep going. The structure of the mule’s hoof increases its stability, and mules have fewer foot-related problems than horses. The tough skin of this equine helped protect them from harness sores even after an 18-hour day.

And mules seem to be calmer, exhibiting more common sense than a horse. According to author Rinker Buck, who wrote a book about his experience retracing the Oregon Trail in a covered wagon pulled by three mules, “Mules have a larger cranial capacity and thus larger brains than horses—a gift from their feral, burro side—and they ponder things a lot more.”

Buck also admired the strong constitution of the mule. “Draft horses are too highly bred and, at almost a ton apiece, too heavy for long wagon journeys. They have stamina for only about 10 to 15 miles a day, have tremendous appetites, and cannot last very long without water or in the extreme heat of the deserts. However, draft mules weigh about 700 pounds less, can go long distances without water, and can barely perspire in the heat.” 1

Outfitting a Canal Mule
Canal boatmen purchased most of their mules from the company operating the canal. That company was the Lehigh Coal and Navigation Company. Boatmen would also buy the harness and other supplies from Lehigh Coal. The company would then deduct these
expenses from the captain’s pay. The Delaware Canal Journal describes the sale of young mules that the company would import from Kentucky and Missouri. According to one boatman, Grant Emery, “The Kentucky mules were better, or fancier looking, but they didn’t hold up as well. I know my people were always Missouri mule men.” 1

Once the young mule was purchased and fitted for a harness, it was shod and tattooed with a number on the sole of its front foot. That number was used not only to identify the mule’s owner but also to ensure the company could track and charge the boatman for the cost of the mule.

Getting to Work
The canal boat crew could vary, but at the very least, it included a captain, a tiller and a mule driver. Very often, the family of the canal boat operator was on board to help with the daily routine. And, small children could be called into service as mule drivers. One woman told of her experience as a mule driver on her father’s boat. Madeline Free Rilleria vsaid, “I loved the animals, and they loved me, and they used to cry
for me and whinny every once in a while when they knew I was getting tired, and then I would crawl up on their backs, and make
a bed on there.” 2

A day on the canal started at 3:30 am with grooming the mules and getting them ready for the day’s journey. Some boatmen liked to feed their animals a ration of food before starting the day; others wanted to get the mules moving before feeding them on the towpath with a feedbag. After harnessing the mule team, the captain would toss the towline to a helper on the towpath, who would attach it to the mule team.

Once they started, the crew would take turns at the tiller while someone cooked breakfast. Often, boat captains, who were confident in their mule teams, could leave them unattended to continue their towpath journey while the mule drivers took a break. Some captains were not lucky, and their animals would nibble greenery along the way. This annoying habit was called bushwhacking, a term generally used for clearing a path; it seems appropriate here.

Around 10:00 pm, the captain would stop at a stable for their mules. Stables were located near locks and at other points along the canal. Some canal towns, like Uhlerstown, not only offered a stable but also blacksmith and boat repair services, along with food and other supplies.

Once the harnesses were removed, most mules liked to have a good roll (a characteristic they are well known for), scratching and stretching before their evening repast and rest.

Old photo of towpath mulesCaring for the Mules
The value and importance of this equine cannot be understated. Mules played an essential role in the boatman’s success, and canallers ensured
their animals were well cared for, including regular feeding as they walked the towpath, watering, grooming and farrier care.

To keep everyone honest, an SPCA inspector would travel the length of the canal to inspect the condition of the mules. One boatman recalls, “You didn’t dare to be mean to your animals on the Delaware. They had a woman down there, she’d make you stop the mules and lift the collar; and, if there was a sore on his shoulder, you had to take that mule out, you couldn’t use him. She was all through the Delaware. You never know when you’d run into her.” 2

A Most Noble Creature
Historically, mules have worked tirelessly for us. They ask little. They are easy keepers and very loyal to their owners. Once they bond with you, you have a friend for life. Mules are also quick learners, so working with a mule requires consistency. When they know what is expected, they will provide hours of service.

Mules are still popular today, especially with people who work the land by hand. Travel to Amish Country in Pennsylvania and you will more than likely see a team of mules, not horses, at work in the fields.

Scientific studies show mules are generally more intelligent than horses or donkeys. This intelligence means they will not do anything to harm themselves, and they can be protective of their owners. When handled and trained correctly, they are gentle, loving family members.

So, next time you are on the towpath, remember those noble creatures who followed the same path, doing what was asked and creating
a more prosperous future for all in the Delaware River Valley.

Sources:
1. Interview with Rinker Buck: https://www.mountvernon.org/george-washington/
farming/the-animals-on-george-washingtons-farm/the-maharajah-of-mules-an-interview-with-rinker-buck/
2. Delaware Canal Journal, C.P. Yoder

37TH ANNUAL CANAL WALK COMPLETED

Canal walkers at Mulligan’s Bridge in Upper Black Eddy
Canal walkers at Mulligan’s Bridge in Upper Black Eddy

This fall, a group of nature-loving, sure-footed friends gathered on Saturdays and Sundays to walk the entire length of the Delaware Canal Towpath. A few construction projects on the way made it impossible to complete the task, but they got close, covering nearly 50 of the 58.9-mile distance. Quite a feat, as the list of canal towpath “ long-walkers” has grown. New to the list this year was Jason Goldstein, who not only walked a lot but also helped shuttle others to and from our starting points.

In 2024, we made some new friends and reconnected with those who had walked with us before. Jeff Connell, a veteran “long-walker” and board member, led the walks, providing an engaging narrative that included history and highlights.

The list of those who can boast about completing this feat is growing. Some intrepid travelers who have walked the 58.9-mile distance include Jerry Taylor, Will Rivinus, Kamini Desai Carroll, Mark Frey, and Stephen Schlosser. However, we know there are many more people who have completed the task, but we don’t have a comprehensive list. It is one of our to-dos for 2025.

So, if you have walked the entire length of the Delaware Canal Towpath or if you know someone who has, please let us know. We are compiling a list of these hardy adventurers for posterity and bragging rights. And there might be special recognition as well. You can call or email us with the information.

Thanks, and see you on the towpath!

|| January 6, 2025 || Tagged With: annual canal walk, Canal Mules, delaware canal history, Delaware Canal State Park, holiday, park manager's update, Senator Steve Santarsiero, shop local ||

The Magnificent Mule

The Magnificent Mule

Few people who lived and worked along the Canal could imagine building a life without the mule. Mules, it is said, were the engines of the Canal. Or put another way, the workhorses
moving coal from Mauch Chunk (present-day Jim Thorpe) to Bristol.

Mules—The Heart of the Canal

Mules pulling a canal boatFavored by the founding fathers of our country, the mules established a stellar reputation when they came to the new world. Spanish missions used mules in their western North American missions in the early 1700s. George Washington, an avid farmer, became interested in utilizing mules and imported two male donkeys from Spain to begin a breeding program.

When the King of Spain and Marquis de Lafayette, both close friends of Washington heard of the new president’s breeding efforts, they also sent male donkeys to increase the stock. These donkeys from Spain and Andalusia were prized for their size and were called mammoth donkeys.

A mule is the asexual bi-product of breeding a female horse or mare with a male donkey or jack. Washington already owned mares to breed with these donkeys and eventually had more mules than horses on his estate.

The interest in mules spread throughout the South as Washington promoted using these animals in agriculture, even campaigning one of his donkeys to breed with mares. Thomas Jefferson also became a convert and soon had a breeding program and his own mules on the grounds of Monticello.

Man and Mule

Mules were put to work across America. They were used in agriculture, construction, mining, Continued on following page and transportation. These hardy equines pulled wagons, carriages, and canal boats.

So, when commerce on the Delaware Canal began, mules were the logical choice. From the perspective of the canal boat operator, mules had several distinct advantages. They had a sturdy constitution and were not prone to health problems. They could work long hours, perhaps slower than a horse, but they would keep going. The structure of the mule’s hoof increases its stability, and mules have fewer foot-related problems than horses. And mules seem to be calmer, exhibiting more common sense than a horse. According to author Rinker Buck, who wrote a book about his experience retracing the Oregon Trail in a covered wagon pulled by three mules, “Mules have a larger cranial capacity and thus larger brains than horses—a gift from their feral, burro side—and they ponder things a lot more.”

Buck also admired the strong constitution of the mule. “Draft horses are too highly bred and, at almost a ton apiece, too heavy for long wagon journeys. They have stamina for only about 10 to 15 miles a day, have tremendous appetites, and cannot last very long without water or in the extreme heat of the deserts. Draft mules, however, weigh about 700 pounds less, can go long distances without water and barely perspire in the heat.”2

For the Canal Boatmen, mules were a perfect fit. They were calm, smart, and could work long hours without needing a rest. The tough
skin of this equine helped protect them from harness sores even after an 18-hour day.

Outfitting a Canal Mule

Canal boatmen purchased most of their mules from the company operating the Canal. For the Delaware Canal, that company was the Lehigh Coal and Navigation Company. Boatmen would also buy the harness and other supplies from Lehigh Coal. The company would then deduct these expenses from the captain’s pay.

The Delaware Canal Journal describes the sale of young mules that the company would import from Kentucky and Missouri. According to one boatman, Grant Emery, “The Kentucky
mules were better, or fancier looking, but they didn’t hold up as well. I know my people were always Missouri mule men.”1

Once the young mule was purchased and fitted for a harness, they were shod and tattooed with a number on the sole of a front foot. That number was used not only to identify the owner of the mule but to ensure the company could track and charge the boatman for the cost of the animal and equipment.

Getting to Work

Illustration by Dennis Gerhart

The canal boat crew could vary, but at the very least, it included a captain, a tiller, and mule driver. Very often, the family of the Canal boat operator was on board to help with the daily routine. Often small children were called into service as mule drivers. One woman told of her experience as a mule driver on her father’s boat. Madeline Free Rilleria said, “I loved the animals,
and they loved me, and they used to cry for me and whinny every once in a while, when they knew I was getting tired and then I would crawl up on their backs and make a bed on there.”1

A day on the Canal started at 3:30 a.m. with grooming the mules and getting them ready for the day’s journey. Some boatmen liked to feed their animals a ration of food before starting the day; others liked to get the mules moving before feeding them on the towpath with a feedbag. After harnessing the mule team was done, the captain would toss the towline to a helper on the towpath, who would attach it to the mule team.

Once they started, the crew would take turns at the tiller while someone cooked breakfast. Often, boat captains, who were confident in their mule teams, could leave them unattended to continue their towpath journey while the mule drivers took a break. Some captains were not lucky, and their animals would nibble greenery along the way. This annoying habit was called bushwhacking, a term generally used for clearing a path; its use seems appropriate here.

At the end of the day, around 10:00 pm, the captain would stop at a stable. Stables were located near locks and at other points along the canal. Some canal towns, like Uhlerstown not only offered a stable but blacksmith and boat repair services along with food and other supplies.

Once the harnesses were removed, most mules liked to have a good roll (a characteristic they are well known for), scratching and stretching before their evening repast and rest.

Caring for the mules

The value and importance of this equine cannot be understated. Mules played an essential role in the boatman’s success, and canallers ensured their animals were well cared for, including
regular feeding as they walked the towpath, watering, grooming, and farrier care.

And to keep everyone honest, an SPCA inspector would travel the length of the Canal inspecting the condition of the mules. One boatman recalls, “You didn’t dare to be mean to your animals on the Delaware. They had a woman down there, she’d make you stop the mules and lift the collar; and, if there was a sore on his shoulder, you had to take that mule out, you couldn’t use him. She was all through the Delaware. You never know when you’d run into her.”1

A Most Noble Creature

Historically, mules have worked tirelessly for us. They ask little. They are easy keepers and very loyal to their owners. Once they bond with you, you have a friend for life. Mules are also
quick learners, so working with a mule requires consistency. When they know what is expected, they will provide hours of service.

Studies show mules are generally more intelligent than horses or donkeys. This intelligence means they will not do anything to harm themselves and they can be protective of their
owners. When handled and trained properly, they are gentle, loving members of a family.

Author Rinker Buck states, “A horse will pretty much respond like a dog to a master’s request; their first instinct is to obey. A mule says, at a difficult stream crossing or a narrow gate opening, “Now wait a minute here, let’s consider the safety of this.” That, too, comes from the burro side. Mules have a very strong feral instinct to protect themselves.” 2

So, mules may not dive off a steel pier with you, but they will be glad to stand by and cheer you on.

|| June 14, 2023 || Tagged With: boatmen, canal boats, Canal Mules, Delaware Canal Towpath ||

Canal News – Spring 2023

Canal News – Spring 2023

The Magnificent Mule

Few people who lived and worked along the Canal could imagine building a life without the mule. Mules, it is said, were the engines of the Canal. Or put another way, the workhorses
moving coal from Mauch Chunk (present-day Jim Thorpe) to Bristol.

Mules—The Heart of the Canal

Mules pulling a canal boatFavored by the founding fathers of our country, the mules established a stellar reputation when they came to the new world. Spanish missions used mules in their western North American missions in the early 1700s. George Washington, an avid farmer, became interested in utilizing mules and imported two male donkeys from Spain to begin a breeding program.

When the King of Spain and Marquis de Lafayette, both close friends of Washington heard of the new president’s breeding efforts, they also sent male donkeys to increase the stock. These donkeys from Spain and Andalusia were prized for their size and were called mammoth donkeys.

A mule is the asexual bi-product of breeding a female horse or mare with a male donkey or jack. Washington already owned mares to breed with these donkeys and eventually had more mules than horses on his estate.

The interest in mules spread throughout the South as Washington promoted using these animals in agriculture, even campaigning one of his donkeys to breed with mares. Thomas Jefferson also became a convert and soon had a breeding program and his own mules on the grounds of Monticello.

Man and Mule

Mules were put to work across America. They were used in agriculture, construction, mining, Continued on following page and transportation. These hardy equines pulled wagons, carriages, and canal boats.

So, when commerce on the Delaware Canal began, mules were the logical choice. From the perspective of the canal boat operator, mules had several distinct advantages. They had a sturdy constitution and were not prone to health problems. They could work long hours, perhaps slower than a horse, but they would keep going. The structure of the mule’s hoof increases its stability, and mules have fewer foot-related problems than horses. And mules seem to be calmer, exhibiting more common sense than a horse. According to author Rinker Buck, who wrote a book about his experience retracing the Oregon Trail in a covered wagon pulled by three mules, “Mules have a larger cranial capacity and thus larger brains than horses—a gift from their feral, burro side—and they ponder things a lot more.”

Buck also admired the strong constitution of the mule. “Draft horses are too highly bred and, at almost a ton apiece, too heavy for long wagon journeys. They have stamina for only about 10 to 15 miles a day, have tremendous appetites, and cannot last very long without water or in the extreme heat of the deserts. Draft mules, however, weigh about 700 pounds less, can go long distances without water and barely perspire in the heat.”2

For the Canal Boatmen, mules were a perfect fit. They were calm, smart, and could work long hours without needing a rest. The tough
skin of this equine helped protect them from harness sores even after an 18-hour day.

Outfitting a Canal Mule

Canal boatmen purchased most of their mules from the company operating the Canal. For the Delaware Canal, that company was the Lehigh Coal and Navigation Company. Boatmen would also buy the harness and other supplies from Lehigh Coal. The company would then deduct these expenses from the captain’s pay.

The Delaware Canal Journal describes the sale of young mules that the company would import from Kentucky and Missouri. According to one boatman, Grant Emery, “The Kentucky
mules were better, or fancier looking, but they didn’t hold up as well. I know my people were always Missouri mule men.”1

Once the young mule was purchased and fitted for a harness, they were shod and tattooed with a number on the sole of a front foot. That number was used not only to identify the owner of the mule but to ensure the company could track and charge the boatman for the cost of the animal and equipment.

Getting to Work

Illustration by Dennis Gerhart

The canal boat crew could vary, but at the very least, it included a captain, a tiller, and mule driver. Very often, the family of the Canal boat operator was on board to help with the daily routine. Often small children were called into service as mule drivers. One woman told of her experience as a mule driver on her father’s boat. Madeline Free Rilleria said, “I loved the animals,
and they loved me, and they used to cry for me and whinny every once in a while, when they knew I was getting tired and then I would crawl up on their backs and make a bed on there.”1

A day on the Canal started at 3:30 a.m. with grooming the mules and getting them ready for the day’s journey. Some boatmen liked to feed their animals a ration of food before starting the day; others liked to get the mules moving before feeding them on the towpath with a feedbag. After harnessing the mule team was done, the captain would toss the towline to a helper on the towpath, who would attach it to the mule team.

Once they started, the crew would take turns at the tiller while someone cooked breakfast. Often, boat captains, who were confident in their mule teams, could leave them unattended to continue their towpath journey while the mule drivers took a break. Some captains were not lucky, and their animals would nibble greenery along the way. This annoying habit was called bushwhacking, a term generally used for clearing a path; its use seems appropriate here.

At the end of the day, around 10:00 pm, the captain would stop at a stable. Stables were located near locks and at other points along the canal. Some canal towns, like Uhlerstown not only offered a stable but blacksmith and boat repair services along with food and other supplies.

Once the harnesses were removed, most mules liked to have a good roll (a characteristic they are well known for), scratching and stretching before their evening repast and rest.

Caring for the mules

The value and importance of this equine cannot be understated. Mules played an essential role in the boatman’s success, and canallers ensured their animals were well cared for, including
regular feeding as they walked the towpath, watering, grooming, and farrier care.

And to keep everyone honest, an SPCA inspector would travel the length of the Canal inspecting the condition of the mules. One boatman recalls, “You didn’t dare to be mean to your animals on the Delaware. They had a woman down there, she’d make you stop the mules and lift the collar; and, if there was a sore on his shoulder, you had to take that mule out, you couldn’t use him. She was all through the Delaware. You never know when you’d run into her.”1

A Most Noble Creature

Historically, mules have worked tirelessly for us. They ask little. They are easy keepers and very loyal to their owners. Once they bond with you, you have a friend for life. Mules are also
quick learners, so working with a mule requires consistency. When they know what is expected, they will provide hours of service.

Studies show mules are generally more intelligent than horses or donkeys. This intelligence means they will not do anything to harm themselves and they can be protective of their
owners. When handled and trained properly, they are gentle, loving members of a family.

Author Rinker Buck states, “A horse will pretty much respond like a dog to a master’s request; their first instinct is to obey. A mule says, at a difficult stream crossing or a narrow gate opening, “Now wait a minute here, let’s consider the safety of this.” That, too, comes from the burro side. Mules have a very strong feral instinct to protect themselves.” 2

So, mules may not dive off a steel pier with you, but they will be glad to stand by and cheer you on.


Flowers are Everywhere–on the Ground and in the Air

The Delaware Canal towpath spans 58.9 miles, and in that distance, you can spot many flowering plants along the way. Some are relatively obvious, and others require a keen eye. Here are a
few to look for.

Dame's Rocket Biennial Flower< Dame’s Rocket is a flowering biennial member of the mustard family. This plant has some historical significance as it was recorded as one of the first wildflowers imported to the colonies from Europe. Also known as Sweet Rocket, its fragrance is most pronounced in the evening sometimes confused with Phlox, the flower of Dame’s Rocket has four petals, versus Phlox, which has five. The flowers come in an assortment of spring colors, including white, pink, and purple. It prefers to grow in sunny, moist locations and can be found on the margins of marshes and woodlands. It is considered an invasive species in Pennsylvania.

Dutchman's Britches< Dutchman’s Breeches is a perennial herbaceous plant native to eastern North America. This diminutive woodland plant has white flowers that resemble pants hanging from a clothesline. According to the Bowman’s Flower Preserve Native Plant Guide, the flower is an early nectar source for emerging queen bees. As a member of the Dicentra family (bleeding heart), it is also called Little Blue Staggers because it appears to have a narcotic effect on cows causing them to seem drunk.

Jack-in-the-pulpit< Jack-in-the-Pulpit is an herbaceous, woodland, flowering perennial. This unusual, illusive plant generally flowers from April to June in Pennsylvania. And while they are not easy to spot, they are well worth the effort. These plants typically grow about 1 foot tall and have an interesting construction. The “pulpit” of the flower is called a spathe, a long leaf covering a cluster of flowers. The “jack” is a long stalk with flowers that can be male or female. However, this plant is not self-pollinating. It relies on small flies to help in that regard. The pungent odor of the plant tends to attract flies and other small insects. Jack-in-the-pulpit is often confused with the carnivorous pitcher plant. At the end of the summer, while the remaining plant withers. The female flowers turn into small red berries, which are a food source for birds. One source noted that native Americans used the red coloring as a dye.

Mayapple< Mayapples bloom in late spring after many ephemerals have faded. They grow in colonies in forested areas creating a canopy of umbrella-like plants. The plants bear one white flower, which matures into a yellow fruit and can be used to make jam. Harry Potter fans will be pleased to know that this herbaceous perennial is also known as mandrake.

Swamp Rose-Mallow< Swamp Rose-mallow is a showy hibiscus and one of the largest perennials in our area. It can be spotted in wet and boggy areas next to the towpath and along the Canal banks in some areas and has established some large colonies. This is a winter-hardy plant with a decidedly tropical flair. The flower color ranges from white to pink to red with a crimson center and yellow stamen. These plants are host to several butterfly larvae and are a food source for hummingbirds as well.

Wild Ginger< Wild Ginger is a plant with a lot to offer. It grows in most forested areas and has some interesting adaptations. The flower has three triangular petals, which are hidden beneath heart-shaped leaves. Like the jack-in-the-pulpit, this plant relies on flying insects for pollination. As flies emerge in the spring, they are attracted to the flower, which looks and smells like carrion. The seeds are covered in an oily substance favored by ants who carry the seed back to their colony, eat the oily covering, and plant the seed. Native Americans and early settlers used the dried root of wild ginger as a spice. These plants also contain two antibiotic compounds and were used to make a poultice to treat wounds.

DON’T FORGET TO LOOK UP!

We have many flowering trees in the Delaware Canal state park as well. These include dogwoods, catalpa trees, magnolias, and Tuliptrees or Tulip Poplars. This poplar is fast growing and
can get very large. The trees provide a source of nutrition for many species. The large yellow flowers appear in early summer and are a source of nectar for ruby-throated hummingbirds.

Dogwoods can be seen throughout the park in early spring. They are understory trees, showing off a display of white blooms against the bright green of budding trees. The berries of the dogwood
are a favorite snack of birds and squirrels.

Catalpa tree bloomNorthern Catalpas are fast-growing showy trees with large heart-shaped tropical-looking leaves. Due in part to its size and its abundant display of flowers, this shade tree has become a popular addition to suburban landscapes. The USDA, however, considers it an invasive weed tree, so if you like the almost wisteria-like blossoms
and the shade, a regular pruning is recommended.

Do you have a favorite flowering plant in the park?
Let us know, and please send pictures. We love pictures.

SOURCES:
USDA: fs.usda.gov/wildflowers
Bowman’s Wildflower preserve: bhwp.org/grow/native-plant-nursery/native-plant-catalog
High Park Nature Centre: highparknaturecentre.com
PA Enflowered: paenflowered.org
Morton Arboretum: mortonarb.org
PHOTO CREDITS:
Jack in the Pulpit by CCCP: Own work, CC BY-SA 2.5 ca, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=58750771
Wild Ginger courtesy of Fritz Flohr Reynolds, Wikipedia


PARK MANAGER’S REPORT

By Brian Heath
Park Manager, Delaware Canal State Park

We want to thank the Friends and all the volunteers who participated in the Annual Canal Clean-up event. Volunteers who are willing to sacrifice their time to help keep the park beautiful are invaluable.

STAFFING
A joint on-site hiring event with Tyler State Park was held at the Buckstone Farm Conference Center to fill vacant positions, including a laborer and a park resource ranger. The event attracted 17 candidates, with 14 interviewed. Interviews are underway for the remaining online applicants. Other vacancies continued to be posted for various positions. Interested applicants should visit employment.pa.gov or contact the park.

PROJECT UPDATES
Three project bids have been approved and will be awarded to a selected contractor. Once the contracts are finalized, scheduling, logistics, and closure information will be provided. The projects include:
● Flood damage repairs to a section of the berm and towpath in Easton(MP 59-53).
● Phase One of the 12 Bridge Project will target repairs for Smithtown Bridges 3 and 4 and the Sub-canal Culvert in Raubsville.
● Phase Two of the 12 Bridge Project will target repairs for two bridges in Upper Makefield, including Tebola Beans Bridge and the David Library Bridge. In the north, the bridges include the Canal
Road, North Bridge in Williams Township, and the Canal Lane Bridge in Bridgeton Township.

  • High Falls Culvert replacement: A Hydrologic and Hydraulic Study that analyzes the movement of
    water, including the volume and rate of flow, is nearing completion. A conceptual design is in review.
  • Spahr’s Authentic Camelback Truss Bridge: A conceptual design was presented to the Advisory Committee.
  • Lumberville Aqueduct project: This rebuilding project is in the design phase, which is scheduled for completion before the end of the year.

NEW INITIATIVES
Giving Pond Naturalization Project: We are currently working on re-establishing the fields at the giving
pond. The open field near river road was once a wildflower field. It has been prepped and reseeded with a Pennsylvania native annual/ perennial mix of wildflower seeds. The fields by the towpath will require ongoing attention as grasses start to emerge and the autumn olive infestation is removed. We are working with Natural Resources staff as we re-establish the field moving forward. An improved access project is also underway to connect the towpath with giving Pond Parking area.
Ralph Stover Tree Planting:
Thirteen sapling trees have been planted at Ralph Stover to replace fallen Ash trees. The trees will take time to mature, but they will help restore the canopy over the picnic area. A memorial donation funded the purchase of these trees, including some flowering understory trees such as dogwoods, redbuds, and shade trees, including American Red Maple, American Beech, Black Gum, and Willow Oak. The park staff will continue to plant trees, as possible, to restore the rustic wooded nature of the park.

WATER
The Centre Bridge Pump is now online, providing water for the 3-mile stretch between Centre Bridge and Lock 11. The Friends are working as intermediaries with residents, collecting money to fund the electricity needed to run the pump. New Hope, and areas north of Lock 11, usually are watered from the Delaware River inlet in Easton. However, damage sustained during Hurricane Ida in Upper Black Eddy and Lumberville has stopped the flow. DCNR is working diligently to repair these structural failures. The Delaware River inlet in New Hope feeds the Canal south of Lock 11. In advance of significant forecasted rain events, staff will lower the water in anticipation of higher volumes, but after the storm, we resume normal levels. As the dry summer months approach, if the Delaware River falls below 9 feet on the Trenton River gauge, the water stops flowing in from the inlet. If this continues for several days, areas south of New Hope will begin to dry up. The river level and the level of the canal during times of drought are beyond the control of the park.

MOWING AND TREE REMOVAL
Our staff in the northern section of the park is starting mowing operations. The purchase of additional equipment should speed up our process as long as the staff is available to run the tractors. Due to the difficulty of getting the parts needed for a clam jaw, we are getting a late start on removing fallen trees which may impact mowing in the early season. However, we are moving along and catching up.

Mowing operations in the south will commence soon, likely starting in Bristol toward the end of this month. This year, in certain areas, such as Buckstone Farm, we will cut the grass slightly higher than in previous years to see if it will help deter the geese. Geese like the young grass shoots that grow after a cutting. Allowing the grass to grow longer makes it less palatable for these birds.

The southern maintenance staff has been removing trees that have fallen into the canal and working on towpath repair. These are time consuming tasks requiring personnel and equipment. Some sections of the towpath are narrow, challenging our access with certain vehicles. In other cases, access alone to parts of the towpath that need attention is extremely difficult. We are working to ensure that the towpath is safe for towpath users as they make repairs to potholes and other muddy sections. We understand the frustrations with gravel size and
are working to improve the issue as time and manpower allow.

CLOSURES
Giving Pond River Access: The river access at the Giving Pond Recreation Area will be CLOSED. The purpose of this closure is for PUBLIC SAFETY and RESOURCE PROTECTION. The closure will be in effect until further notice. Park users should NOT attempt to get by the closure. Trespassing violations will be addressed accordingly.


IT’S A WRAP

Our annual Clean-up Day event got off to a rainy start, but we are pleased to announce that nearly all sections of the towpath were given a proper spring cleaning throughout the month
of April. Groups of volunteers, armed with rakes, grabbers, bags and gloves got to work. Many sections of the canal and towpath were very clean. Other areas needed a thorough scrubbing.

This year, we had several volunteers who bought along their canoes and kayaks to clean some hard-to-reach spots on the berm bank and of course, in the water.

We had over 100 people sign-up to help. And the teams gathered nearly 100 bags of trash along with a bicycle, a few shopping carts and, tires, lots of tires.

Delaware Canal Clean-up DayDelaware Canal Clean-up day volunteersWE GREATLY
APPRECIATE EVERYONE’S
EFFORTS AND WANT TO
SEND A BIG SHOUT OUT
TO THE FRIENDS WHO
HELPED SCHEDULE,
COORDINATE AND
EQUIP OUR VOLUNTEER
CLEAN-UP TEAMS.


CANAL TENDERS. OUR PARK HEROES.

They bike, they jog
They poke, they prod
They search and grab
Until they have
A bag full of trash.

Canal Tender CharlieWith our annual Canal Clean-up behind us, it is time to reflect on the year-round dedication of our Canal Tenders. After our annual spring-cleaning
event, many Clean-up Crews reported less trash and debris. We know our Canal Tenders are making an impact.

This year was the first year all, but three sections of the Canal had someone to look after it, cleaning up trash as they could and reporting problems they encountered. These dedicated volunteers regularly provide feedback on downed trees, sinkholes, tough towpath conditions, and sightings of large debris in the Canal. So, our Canal Tenders play an essential role in keeping the public safe.

We send this information to the Park Management team with location information so the park staff can follow up and resolve any hazardous issues.

The towpath is nearly 60 miles long, making it difficult to manage in the best circumstances. When you combine the park’s size with the effect of storms, trees, and people, DCNR has a lot
of ground to cover. The park staff is well aware of the positive impact the Canal Tenders have on the preservation and improvement of our beloved Delaware Canal State Park. They appreciate this team of people who regularly monitor the entire length of the Canal and towpath.

If you would like to become a Canal Tender, we have several openings in the southern area of the Canal. These sections include:
● Beaver Street to Bristol Lagoon – Bristol Borough
● Bristol Lagoon to Green Lane – Bristol Borough
● Green Lane to Edgely Avenue – Bristol Township
Our Canal Tenders are passionate about preserving and maintaining the Canal and towpath for future generations. We are so grateful for their commitment to the park and the community.

So, next time you are on the towpath, you can show your solidarity and pick up trash along the way. Together we can all make a difference.


Environmental Stewardship Award

The Friends of the Delaware Canal is proud to have received an award for Environmental Stewardship from the Lower Makefield Township Board of Supervisors.
Over the past 15 years, the board’s Environmental Advisory Council (EAC) has given this recognition to groups “who have made significant achievements in improving and sustaining
the quality of our environment.” The Friends’ commitment to restoring, preserving, and improving the Delaware Canal and Towpath resonated with the EAC. They look
for organizations that impact several areas, including pollution prevention, resource conservation, sustainability, environmental education, and environmental leadership.

In attendance to receive the award were FODC Board President Brett Webber, Secretary Jack Torres, Executive Director Michael Ginder, and retired FODC Executive Director Susan Taylor. “We are very honored to have received the 2022 Environmental Stewardship Award from the Lower Makefield Township Environmental Action Council and the Board of Supervisors.” said Michael Ginder, “The award recognizes our achievements over the last 40 years to help improve, restore, and promote the Delaware Canal and empower us to continue our work to protect this important natural resource.”


PENNSBURY PARTNERSHIP PROGRAM

L–R:, Thomas A. Smith, Ed.D, Pennsbury SD Superintendent; Michael Ginder,FODC Executive Director , FODC; Laure Duval, FODC Board Vice President.
L–R:, Thomas A. Smith, Ed.D, Pennsbury SD Superintendent; Michael Ginder,
FODC Executive Director , FODC; Laure Duval, FODC Board Vice President.

Last year, the Pennsbury School District asked Michael Ginder, Executive Director of the Friends, to present a program on the Delaware Canal, including a towpath clean-up and scavenger hunt to a group of seventh-grade students. They had a chance to learn about the history of the canal and its impact on our area while making their own impact by picking up trash along the way.

As a result of our participation, Pennsbury selected the Friends as a recipient of the Annual Pennsbury Partnership Award. The Pennsbury Partners Program was launched 20 years ago and has grown to over 1,000 partners. Each year the Partners Program recognizes a Business Partner and a Non- Profit Partner for their contributions to the school district.

The official ceremony occurred on Wednesday, April 19, at the Middle School in Yardley. Michael Ginder accepted the award for the Friends. The corporate recipient this year was Yogamazia. Michelle El Khoury, the owner of Yogamazia, was on hand to receive this recognition.

Along with the Pennsbury Partners Award, the Friends received a Certificate of Recognition from State Representative Perry Warren, who also attended the ceremony, recognition from State Senator Steve Santarsiero’s office and Congressman Brian Fitzpatrick, who recognized the Friends with a special commendation and flag which flew over the Capital.

|| May 19, 2023 || Tagged With: canal boats, canal clean-up, Canal Mules, canal tenders, Spring flowers, spring newsletter ||

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Friends of the Delaware Canal
145 South Main Street
New Hope, PA 18938
Phone: 215.862.2021
Michael Ginder, Executive Director

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